Data Redundancy and associated problems
Redundancy means having multiple copies
of same data in the database. This problem arises when a database is not
normalized.
Example:
Consider
Student relation
Studentid
|
Name
|
College
|
Course
|
Colrank
|
200
|
Raju
|
RDC
|
BCom
|
1
|
201
|
Ramu
|
RDC
|
BCom
|
1
|
201
|
Nani
|
RDC
|
BCom
|
1
|
As it can
be observed that values of attribute college name, college rank, course is
being repeated which can lead to problems.
Problems
caused due to redundancy are:
- Insertion anomaly,
- Deletion anomaly, and
- Updation anomaly.
Insertion
anomaly: An Insert
Anomaly occurs when certain attributes cannot be inserted into
the database without the presence of other attributes.
For example if a student detail has to be inserted whose course is not
being decided then insertion will not be possible till the course is decided
for student.
Deletion
anomaly: This
anomaly happens when deletion of data record results in losing some unrelated
information that was stored as part of the record that was deleted from a
table.
For
example if the details of students in the table are deleted then the details of
college will also get deleted.
Updation
anomaly: An update
anomaly is a data inconsistency that results from data redundancy and a
partial update.
For
example if the rank of the college changes then changes will have to be all
over the database which will be time-consuming and computationally costly. If
update does not occur at all places then database will be in inconsistent
state.
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