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    Thursday 5 December 2019

    Data Redundancy and associated problems

    Data Redundancy and associated problems

    Redundancy means having multiple copies of same data in the database. This problem arises when a database is not normalized.
    Example:
    Consider Student relation

    Studentid
    Name
    College
    Course
    Colrank
    200
    Raju
    RDC
    BCom
    1
    201
    Ramu
    RDC
    BCom
    1
    201
    Nani
    RDC
    BCom
    1

    As it can be observed that values of attribute college name, college rank, course is being repeated which can lead to problems.

    Problems caused due to redundancy are:
    • Insertion anomaly, 
    • Deletion anomaly, and 
    • Updation anomaly.

    Insertion anomaly: An Insert Anomaly occurs when certain attributes cannot be inserted into the database without the presence of other attributes.
    For example if a student detail has to be inserted whose course is not being decided then insertion will not be possible till the course is decided for student.

    Deletion anomaly: This anomaly happens when deletion of data record results in losing some unrelated information that was stored as part of the record that was deleted from a table.
    For example if the details of students in the table are deleted then the details of college will also get deleted.

    Updation anomaly: An update anomaly is a data inconsistency that results from data redundancy and a partial update.
    For example if the rank of the college changes then changes will have to be all over the database which will be time-consuming and computationally costly. If update does not occur at all places then database will be in inconsistent state.

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